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‘Synthesis And Characterization Of Bio-based Eco-friendly Biofilm Composites Reinforced With Waste Eggshell Powder – Nature’

Nature Aug 27, 2025

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of biomass base ecofriendly biofilm composites reinforced with waste eggshells utilizing biowaste materials as sources of starch and plasticizer with eggshells serving as a filler to enhance overall material properties. Reusing biowaste is important in reducing environmental waste and promoting sustainable practices. Findings reveal that increasing eggshell content from 15 to 60 significantly reduces moisture absorption from 18.75820117782010.02 to 5.31820117782010.04 while tensile strength declines from 8.18820117782010.02 to 5.17820117782010.02ampnbspMPa at constant glycerol levels. In contrast glycerol enhances moisture retention increasing absorbance from 18.75820117782010.02 to 20.15820117782010.02 as glycerol concentration rises from 5 to 20 in a 15 eggshell composite. The optimal biodegradability was achieved with a plasticizer concentration of 10 and a filler clay content of 30 resulting in a degradation rate of 78.25820117782010.01. The eggshell at 30 and glycerol at 5 achieve a degradation rate of 87.31820117782010.03. Thermogravimetric analysis TGA and differential scanning calorimetry DSC reveal that the composites exhibit superior thermal stability making them suitable for diverse applications. This research highlights the environmental benefits of biowaste materials trade-offs in material performance the need for moisture management in packaging and enhancements from waste starch and plasticizer. These results underscore the potential for creating sustainable and functional composites through utilizing and reusing biowaste materials.

‘Radio-frequency Sensor For Non-destructive Evaluation Of Composite Materials – Nature’

Nature Aug 29, 2025

The growing use of advanced composites in critical applications demands reliable non-destructive testing. Traditional techniques often detect only large defects missing subtle local property changes that can precede major failures. Microwave spectroscopy offers a promising alternative probing both structural and dielectric properties with high sensitivity. This paper presents a novel dual-probe radio-frequency sensor RFlect using open-ended coaxial probes at 2.4ampnbspGHz. Compared to our earlier single-probe design the dual configuration reduces scanning time and enhances detection of surface and subsurface defects including minor cavities and inhomogeneities. It employs a cost-effective system comprising a signal generator directional coupler and RF power measurement setup to improve noise filtering without relying on expensive vector network analyzers. Integrated with a fused deposition modeling 3D printer8217s extruder the sensor scans samples at millimeter resolution. Experiments confirm its ability to detect both visible and hidden subsurface defects by identifying changes in conductivity and dielectric constant. This work underscores the potential of dual-probe microwave spectroscopy as a cost-effective high-performance non-destructive evaluation technique for various applications. Future efforts will focus on characterizing high-loss materials such as biological tissues thereby expanding the sensor8217s use in the biomedical field.